The dials, unfortunately, probably don’t have any other connection to the shows other than that, and this is more of an homage easter egg than some revelation Section 31’s escape pods have time-traveling abilities.
Looks like we’ll have to wait a little longer to find out how the Discovery gets into the future.
For those struggling to remember what all of those abbreviations stand for, the control labels reference Star Trek: The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Enterprise, and Voyager.